相信大家在平時(shí)的每一類的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言考試中對(duì)英語(yǔ)的試卷特點(diǎn)的理解就是題型多，頁(yè)面長(zhǎng)。那我們今天以托福試題來(lái)做個(gè)參考，托福的題型主要有四大題型，聽(tīng)說(shuō)口寫這四個(gè)方面，而每個(gè)方面的題型還有一些小的題目，尤其注意到的是托福寫作，托福寫作分綜合于獨(dú)立寫作，很多考生偏愛(ài)的是獨(dú)立寫作，所以對(duì)托福獨(dú)立寫作題型介紹特別關(guān)注。那么小編今天就來(lái)為大家講解一些關(guān)于托福獨(dú)立寫作方面的內(nèi)容吧。
一、托福獨(dú)立寫作題型介紹
獨(dú)立寫作
與綜合寫作不同，獨(dú)立寫作要求考生就某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)提出自己的看法，并進(jìn)行充分的論證。下面筆者來(lái)具體分析這一題型。
命題形式
獨(dú)立寫作的命題形式一般為“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement …”(你是否同意下面的論斷……)，要求考生對(duì)題目給出的論斷表明自己的觀點(diǎn)，然后寫出具體的理由和細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)支持自己的觀點(diǎn)，寫作的字?jǐn)?shù)是300詞以上，考試時(shí)間為30分鐘。題目給出的論斷主要涉及以下十大類的話題。
成功類話題：In order to achieve success, we must be more like others than be different from others.
工作類話題：People should take a secure job immediately when finding one instead of waiting for the job that they find more satisfying.
金錢類話題：Most businesspeople are motivated by the desire for money.
科技類話題：Telephone has had greater effects on people’s lives than TV.
教育類話題：To improve the quality of education, universities should spend more money on professors’ salaries.
朋友類話題：Getting advice from friends who are older than you is better than getting advice from friends who are of the same age as yours.
環(huán)境類話題：Most of the environmental issues are too complicated today. Individuals cannot do anything about them.
政府類話題：The most important thing that the government can do in improving health care is to clean the environment.
媒體類話題：Advertising is a waste of time and money because customers already know what they want.
動(dòng)物類話題：More and more people are spending money on their pets, even though there can be other good ways to spend money.
命題規(guī)律
既然托福獨(dú)立寫作題目允許考生選擇“同意”或是“不同意”，也就意味著寫作題目通常具有“爭(zhēng)議性”這一基本特征，考生可以選擇自己的觀點(diǎn)，然后對(duì)自己的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論證。此外，有些獨(dú)立寫作題目有很顯著的特征，筆者總結(jié)了以下三類，并為這三類考題提供一點(diǎn)寫作小技巧。
第一，某些獨(dú)立寫作題目會(huì)含有“should/should not”這一關(guān)鍵詞，對(duì)于這一類題目，考生既可以選擇“同意”，也可以選擇“不同意”。2010年8月14日的題目就是如此：“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should not take part-time jobs when they study in university.”對(duì)于此類題目，考生寫作時(shí)可以以句式“Whether … or has been a controversial issue”開(kāi)頭。例如，針對(duì)上面這道題目，考生可以在開(kāi)頭寫道：“Whether students should take part-time jobs or not has been a controversial issue when they study in university.”
第二，有些獨(dú)立寫作題目含有“all”“most”“best”這類表示絕對(duì)語(yǔ)氣的詞，對(duì)于這些含有絕對(duì)語(yǔ)氣詞的題目，筆者建議考生還是選擇“不同意”為好。理由很簡(jiǎn)單，這些題目從邏輯上講無(wú)一例外都夸大了某一個(gè)要素的重要性，否認(rèn)了其他要素的影響，看問(wèn)題只見(jiàn)樹(shù)木不見(jiàn)森林。例如，2010年5月8日的獨(dú)立寫作題目為：“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way for parents to teach children responsibility is to have them care for animals.”對(duì)于此類題目，考生可以在開(kāi)頭段或結(jié)尾部分以這樣的句式亮明自己的觀點(diǎn)：“This argument exaggerates the importance of A and deny the significance of other factors such as B, C, and D which can also contribute to sth./sb.”
第三，還有一類題目則是將事物A和事物B作比較，含有“… better/more … than …”等詞。例如，2010年6月13日的題目：“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It’s better to spend money on pleasant things such as vacations than to save money for the future.”對(duì)于這一類題目，筆者通常建議考生以這樣的方式開(kāi)頭：“Although A/B has some benefits for …, I still hold a firm belief that B/A will exert more significant influence on …”
二、托福獨(dú)立寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
托福獨(dú)立寫作5分
An essay at this level largely accomplishes all of the following:
Effectively addresses the topic and task
Is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplification, and/or details
Displays unity, progression, and coherence
Displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity, though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors
托福獨(dú)立寫作4分
An essay at this level largely accomplishes all of the following:
Effectively addresses the topic and task well, though some points may not be fully elaborated
Is well generally organized and well developed, using appropriate and sufficient explanations, exemplification, and/or details
Displays unity, progression, and coherence, though it may contain occasional redundancy, digression or unclear connections
Displays facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and range of vocabulary, though it may have occasional noticeable minor errors in structure, word form, or use of idiomatic language that do not interfere with meaning.
托福獨(dú)立寫作3分
An essay at this level is marked by one or more of the following:
Addresses the topic and task well using somewhat developed explanations, exemplification, and/or details
Displays unity, progression, and coherence, though connections of ideas may be occasionally obscured
May demonstrate inconsistent facility in sentence formation and word choice that may result in lack of clarity and occasionally obscure meaning.
May display accurate but limited range of syntactic structures and vocabulary
三、托福獨(dú)立寫作命題規(guī)律
托福獨(dú)立寫作命題規(guī)律一：
某些獨(dú)立寫作題目會(huì)含有“should/should not”這一關(guān)鍵詞，對(duì)于這一類題目，考生既可以選擇“同意”，也可以選擇“不同意”。2010年8月14日的題目就是如此：“Do you agree ordisagree with the following statement? Students should not take part-time jobs when they study in university.”對(duì)于此類題目，考生寫作時(shí)可以以句式“Whether … or has been acontroversial issue”開(kāi)頭。
例如，針對(duì)上面這道題目，考生可以在開(kāi)頭寫道：“Whether students should take part-time jobs or not has been a controversial issue when they study in university.”
托福獨(dú)立寫作命題規(guī)律二：
有些托福獨(dú)立寫作題目含有“all”“most”“best”這類表示絕對(duì)語(yǔ)氣的詞，對(duì)于這些含有絕對(duì)語(yǔ)氣詞的題目，建議考生還是選擇“不同意”為好。理由很簡(jiǎn)單，這些題目從邏輯上講無(wú)一例外都夸大了某一個(gè)要素的重要性，否認(rèn)了其他要素的影響，看問(wèn)題只見(jiàn)樹(shù)木不見(jiàn)森林。例如，2010年5月8日的獨(dú)立寫作題目為：“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way for parents to teach children responsibility is to have them care for animals.”
對(duì)于此類題目，考生可以在開(kāi)頭段或結(jié)尾部分以這樣的句式亮明自己的觀點(diǎn)：“This argument exaggerates the importance of A and deny the significance of other factors such as B, C, and D which can also contribute to sth./sb.”
托福獨(dú)立寫作命題規(guī)律三：
還有一類托福獨(dú)立寫作題目則是將事物A和事物B作比較，含有“… better/more … than …”等詞。例如，2010年6月13日的題目：“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It’s better to spend money on pleasant things such as vacations than to save money for the future.”
我們精心為大家整理的《托福獨(dú)立寫作題型介紹 托福獨(dú)立寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》文章不知道大家滿不滿意，如果大家想了解更多語(yǔ)言培訓(xùn)相關(guān)的信息，請(qǐng)關(guān)注語(yǔ)言培訓(xùn)欄目。
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